Another reason why electric cars are a waste of time...

California has blackouts and brownouts every time too many people run their air conditioning at the same time. Imagine the power outages that would happen every night at 6pm, if everybody drove a plug-in hybrid!

Chaos. Total nightmare.

I've been trolling some power plant engineer forums, who are little concerned about the emergence of electrical cars. America's electric grid cannot handle a world with electric cars! Especially out east, where one sneeze can take out the eastern seaboard. It will take billions of dollars over the next 20 years to get the grid ready for an all-electric car force. The power plant engineers think that the current grid can only support 10 million plug-in vehicles... and even that requires letting the power plants control when you get to plug in your car!

Some on the forum suggested diesel... but being power plant engineers, they threw out some stats about how electric motors are always more efficient than diesel... True, but that's not looking at the whole picture. I dug through some data from the EPA and the US Department of Energy (and then updated Wikipedia's diesel engine page). Here's what I found:

  • The drive motor on an electric car is about 85% efficient... but where does that electricity come from?
  • In the US, 75% of the electricity comes from coal. So how efficient is that power plant? UPDATE: Caol is only 50% according to a new study.
  • A combined-generator power plant runs at about 50% efficiency, meaning about half of the energy is lost as waste heat. Wind, solar, and hydro power plants can do better, almost 80%. However, some small and/or old plants are only 30% efficient.
  • Also, all power plants in America lose some power between the plant, and your home. This is called line loss, and can be anywhere between 3% and 10%.
  • Diesel engines have a theoretical efficiency of 75%
  • Current diesel engines are 45% efficient.
  • Future diesel engines could be 55% efficient by 2010.

Interesting... This all spells out bad news for electric cars. Best case scenario, an electric car is 65% efficient. Realisticly, you could expect 40%, but the worst case is 23%. In contrast, you could realistically expect 45% efficiency with diesel now, and 65% efficiency 20 years from now isn't so crazy. There is some "line loss" for diesel, meaning that it takes energy to get the diesel tankers to the filling stations... but I'd wager its under 5%.

To put it another way, in order for electric cars to be greener than biodiesel, we first need to upgrade our electric grid infrastructure, and also switch every power plant to solar!

Don't get me wrong, those are good ideas. Yes, we should go to solar. Yes we should upgrade the infrastructure. But that's a 20-year project folks! Stop wasting precious brain cells solving the electric car problem! It's solved enough, OK? Let the grid catch up, work on clean diesel for 10 years, then switch back.

UPDATE: Domenick pointed me to a DOE study on off-peak capacity, which contradicts some of what the power plant engineers said on the forum. This analysis claims off-peak capacity could fuel 73% of the fleet of US cars, truck, vans, etc., if they were plug-in hybrids (not pure electric). However, some parts of the West and Pacific Northwest -- where the market for electric cars is highest -- would not be able to handle the load due to reliance on hydropower. It also assumes that the grid would operate at near capacity 100% of the time -- something that has NEVER been done, and has risks:

Even though we analyzed today’s grid with today’s LDV fleet and driving behavior, we applied several assumptions about the operating procedures of the entire electricity infrastructure, in which the grid has never been operated.

Its a good first-pass at a feasibility study, but we need experimental data to verify the grid can handle the load... hopefully before California and Washington get hit with rolling blackouts in 2010.

Comments

I'm not worried

I'm not worried about this.

First of all, it will take decades to get significant number of people on plug-in hybrids. That gives us a lot of time to upgrade our grid and build more and better power plants (I favor significantly building out our wind and solar capacity backed up with nuclear for the base load).

Secondly, there's no reason that plug in hybrids need to charge during peak hours. Indeed, they will be outfitted with sophisticated computers. Why not program them to charge only during off-peak times? In fact, if we created a "smart grid" plug in hybrids could monitor the spot rate for electricity and charge only during the low cost periods, while giving back electricity to the grid when it is profitable to do so.

Finally, there is no reason why you can't combine the most efficient internal combustion engine with a plug in hybrid, creating an even more efficient car.

the problem is that nobody seems to be talking about it...

too many technologies claim to be "the answer," none more so than electric cars.

what people don't understand is that there are a lot of ways electric cars would make the problem *worse*. Like crashing the electric grid, or using dirty batteries, or ditching cars before they have ended their life cycle, and generally not thinking about the whole problem.

Perhaps the popularity of electric cars will fuel a sense of urgency, and we will finally make the needed upgrades to the grid. So maybe this is nothing to worry about.

or perhaps not...

Crazy claims

I haven't a clue where the idea that the grid can only support 10 million vehicles came from. Every study has
made it quite clear that the grid can currently support vritually the entire US car fleet of 250 million vehicles,
as long as they don't try to recharge at peak demand hours, an extremely unlikely event, given the far better electric rates that will be availble during the overnight hours. The calculations of today's gasoline usage, produxing miles travelled, then estimating the number of mWhrs required provides mu best estimate of around 17% of current capacity would be required. That capacity is easily available during the nighttime hours (in almost every jurisdiction) which is when electric cars will be recharged. Prviding electricity for electric cars is the least of our problems, and the idea that all of a sudden 250 million electric cars will appear on our roads is totally brainless. It will take many years for that to happen. It's unlikely that the extra demand during the first few years would even be noticed. There is way more than enough time to build the few extra power plants that EVs would require. Lack of electricity is a phoney argument. What we do have is a lack of gasoline right now.

re: crazy claims

that stat came from the power company engineers... some of them are genuinely concerned what will happen if gas hits $5 per gallon, because that will drive people to go electric, increasing the load, and some of them are concerned that they might not be able to handle it.

They didn't cite their sources, but I assumed they knew the subject because its their job. Is it your job as well?

Besides... I never claimed that 250 million cars would "appear" on the road overnight. However, a power plant can take 10 years to build, but the first round of electric vehicles will hit the market in 2 years. So its reasonable that we'd see 20 million cars on the road in four years. If oil prices continue to rise, I wouldn't be surprised if the market demand grew to 50 million by 2015... can the current grid handle the load?

If you have stats about how the current grid can handle current load, plus the current increases in load in the next 10 years, plus a fleet of 250 million electric cars, please share the link. I haven't found anything that supports that claim.

If not, we need to move towards legislation now requiring recharges to happen overnight, and perhaps if necessary limiting the number of cars sold based on the region...

Electric cars have been with

Electric cars have been with us since the beginning of the automobile - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_electric_vehicle - if there's any trust in engineering breakthroughs and market forces - then we'd all _already_ be driving an electric plugin vehicle. Instead, for all its inefficiencies we have gazillions of internal combustion, gasoline vehicles.

Feels like it'd be easier and cheaper to simply make our existing cars lighter and stronger than boil the ocean with the infrastructure changes necessary to support a plug-in electric world.

Electric Cars

Bex, you have an inaccuracy in this post -- just over 50% of the U.S. electricity comes from coal, not 75%.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/epm_sum.html

Also, you don't mention the biggest advantage of the electrical approach -- diversity. There are lots of ways to generate electricity, from dirty ones (coal) to clean ones (solar, hydro, biofuels, and more arguably, nuclear). From both a supply resilience and a renewability standpoint, this is the biggest advantage of electrical.

Madness!?

I have to agree that this post does come off somewhat crazy.
I get a very 'Current Affairs' feel from it (Australian 'news' program prone to sensationalized stories)
Linking to a forum post to back up you ideas does not help.

The 'green-sciens' posts always seem random in a blog I have filed under UCM.
Not that I don't mind them; when they are attached to a detailed news report.
Just not enough info here for us visitors who have not researched the topic.

I would want some hard stats say; elec car sales VS. production VS. demand.
No one should get away with 'assuming' anything from a forum. If anything it becomes a discussion piece, not an statement. It may well be their job, but do they control/monitor Every part of Americas Entire grid or is it a localized problem they are referring to?

Study

Here's a link to the results of an actual study by the DOE. http://www.pnl.gov/news/release.asp?id=204
Perhaps you should supply your "power company engineer" friends with it as well so as to put their concerns to rest.

This is not to say that the grid doesn't need improving. It certainly does,however, many expect EVs to be part of the solution rather than the problem with the advent of V2G and other tech that will increase the intelligence and capability of the grid. With everything going on in the world today (war, famine, threats of war, melting poles), electric cars should be waaaay down the list of things to stress about.

I love controversy...

@alan: thanks for the correction, I included it above

@tyro: I tag all my posts, and have different RSS feeds for each. If you only want UCM, go here: http://bexhuff.com/topic/technology/oracle-enterprise-content-management

@Domenick: thanks for the link, I included it above, but that study isn't as rosy as you say...

re: Electric cars have been with

true... the electric industry has always had on problem: storage. Electric motors are very reliable and efficient, and generating electricity is cheaper today than 50 years ago... but electrical storage technology is barely better than what they had 100 years ago.

Once supercapacitors become viable, then we might have something...

But... I'm of the opinion that diesel engines ain't going nowhere. They're too useful for the shipping industry, and hybrids make less sense when your vehicle doesn't do stops and starts. Clean diesel will always have a market, so I say do that now, let the infrastructure play catch-up, then revisit electric cars at a later date.

re: elecric cars have been with

Just found this site looking for info on upgrading the electric grid. So here are some thoughts.
1.) I believe that 70% of our oil imports go to transportation (cars, trucks, gas, diesel, etc.). The Average lifespan of an auto is 16+ years.
2.) Electric propulsion won't work for everything, probably not big trucks and definitely not airplanes. But there are a lot of cars!
3.) If we start transitioning to electric cars, it will probably take 10-20 years for the majority of the fleet to be electric. This will immediately impact our dependence on imported oil decreasing it over the entire period. It also cuts down on pollution and creation of greenhouse gases.
4.) Following Al Gore's lead in his just announce initiative, we start on massive campaign to replace the current generating capacity of the US with all renewable sources (solar, wind, geothermal, etc). I might expect the curve of this build out to match the increase in demand created by the electric fleet. Some of the newer, cleaner existing power plants can be left in the mix till near the end of the 20 yr. period to provide extra capacity for the grid. This effort also helps curb GHG emissions of which the coal burning power plants are a major source.
5.) Since we can expect that the wind resources of the upper Great Plains and the solar resources of the SW will become generation centers, but distant areas like the NE are the consumption areas, we investigate the possibility of creating a national superconducting backbone across country.
6.) The country gets a huge economic boost from the increased infrastructure spending, similar to what happened over 20+ years as the Interstate Highway system was built in the 50's -70's.
7.) The high demand for electric technology (batteries, motors, controllers, etc.) becomes an economy driver in the 21st century the way computers where in 90's.
8.) All of our new technology becomes exportable to the rest of the world.

So, we have just solved global warming, energy independence, trade imbalances, and economic malaise all in one fell swope and we can start work on world peace.

superconducting backbone?

That's probably a bit too tough... line loss isn't terrible in modern equipment, some folks claim as little as 3%.

I agree that a "moon shot" initiative like what Gore announced is a great idea. Plus, since he's running a hedge fund that invests primarily in green energy, I'd wager he know more about what's possible than any other politician.

Decentralized Domestic Electricity

A solution to a delicate electric grid is to promote individual power generation (IPG). Imagine a solar panel and a small wind generator on every rooftop contributing to the electric grid. Energy wasted on rooftops could be use to feed the grid at many points. This way you could feed your neighborhood power when a surplus conditions exists and get paid for it. Just a thought.

I second that idea...

yes, a decentralization of the grid would be a great idea... and I think that when we do the huge infrastructure overhaul, we should focus on smaller producers from wind, solar and co-generation.

Good analysis but...

I don't think that this is simply about what is the best solution on the pollution front.

It's about security and putting the energy decisions back into our hands. While the electric car is not perfect, assuming we an get 40 miles per charge (likely 50-80% of the average persons daily driving) and you could build a car that would support both gasolline and natural gas you have fully diversified your fueling options. Without diversity in fueling, you are at the hands of whomever owns the single fuel you rely on. How much defense money could we save every year and the pollution caused by all of their manuevers, if we didn;t need to protect our energy interests in the middle east?

Here is a study by Xcel energy and NREL and they also do not seem to support what you are reading from the power plant engineers.

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41410.pdf

So, the only shorter term (5-10 years) option that would make huge strides in reducing our depedence on a single fuel would be electric. Electric is also the only way to incorporate purely green solutions like wind and solar.

Re: Good analysis but...

I concur that fuel diversity is a good idea... however, I think that at present, it makes more sense to focus energies on diversifying the source of diesel... move away from petroleum, and move towards algae or bacteria based biofuels.

Once supercapacitors become available, then it makes sense to do a diesel /electric hybrid.

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